Myths in medicine: What you need to know

Myths in medicine Introduction

Myths in medicine are widespread—from supposedly simple miracle cures to false assumptions about common diseases. In this article, we dispel the most persistent misconceptions and show what really helps. We shed light on common myths such as antibiotics for colds, cholesterol as the sole killer of the heart, and exaggerated hopes for supplements. We rely on facts and current studies: for example, Stiftung Warentest explains that antibiotics are largely ineffective against colds. Instead of chemical weapons, natural methods and a healthy lifestyle are often among the most effective remedies for many ailments.

Antibiotics for colds: a persistent misconception

In many households, the rule is: if you have a runny nose, cough, or sore throat, you immediately get a prescription for antibiotics. But this is a myth in medicine, because most respiratory infections are viral. Stiftung Warentest (German consumer organization) clearly states: “Respiratory infections such as sore throats, colds, coughs, and bronchitis are usually caused by viruses. Antibiotics do not help against these, but only against bacteria.” Even influenza and COVID-19 are viral diseases – in these cases, rest, fluids, and natural remedies are often more effective than medication.

In short: Antibiotics only treat bacterial infections. They do not help with a simple cold and can even cause harm by triggering side effects or promoting resistance. Consumer centers and doctors therefore warn that antibiotics do not belong in every medicine cabinet, but should only be used for clear bacterial infections and after a medical examination. Natural home remedies such as warm water with honey and lemon, inhalations, or ginger tea can alleviate symptoms and support the immune system without causing side effects. Only in the event of warning signs such as high fever, greenish sputum, or increasing pain should medical advice be sought and targeted action taken.

Myths in medicine: cholesterol and heart attacks

High cholesterol levels are considered one of the biggest risk factors for heart attacks—a common myth in medicine. One thing is clear: extremely high LDL levels can promote arteriosclerosis and thus heart problems. But cholesterol is not the only villain. Experts urge caution: according to current knowledge, so-called “good” HDL cholesterol does not automatically protect against high LDL levels. As one cardiologist explains: “Many people believe that high HDL cholesterol … can offset the negative effects of high LDL cholesterol … However, this assumption is incorrect.”

Important

A balanced ratio of all blood lipids (LDL, HDL, triglycerides) is a decisive factor. In addition, inflammation, high blood pressure, and lifestyle play a role. A low-fat diet alone, without other measures, has only limited benefits. In fact, some food components, such as omega-3 fatty acids, have anti-inflammatory and circulatory-promoting effects. Studies show, for example, that high doses of the omega-3 fatty acid EPA inhibit platelet activation, which prevents thrombosis.

Eating a healthy diet—with plenty of vegetables, fruit, fish, and whole grains—is better for your heart than simply avoiding eggs and high-fat dairy products. Regular exercise and stress reduction lower blood pressure and improve the fat profile. Fiber from vegetables and legumes also binds cholesterol in the intestine. This shows that there is a lot of myth in the old fat dogma, but new facts about good fats and natural aids.

Vitamins, supplements, and natural aids in a fact check

There are many myths circulating in medicine about vitamins and dietary supplements. For example, some people believe that high vitamin consumption replaces a balanced diet or protects against infections. The fact is: vitamin deficiencies can weaken the immune system. For example, vitamin D not only controls bone metabolism, but also regulates the immune system. Doctors explain that sufficient vitamin D levels mitigate excessive immune responses and promote anti-inflammatory proteins. Vitamin D therefore reduces pro-inflammatory messenger substances and strengthens antimicrobial defense mechanisms.

Similarly, studies show that omega-3 fatty acids, especially those found in fatty sea fish or algae, reduce inflammation and can lower blood pressure. Moderate consumption of walnuts or flaxseed oil therefore has benefits. But be careful: more is not always better.

In very high doses, dietary supplements can have side effects or cause interactions. For example, some studies show that too much turmeric or curcumin powder has anti-inflammatory effects, but most clinical trials had very small case numbers. The AOK health information points out that curcumin works in nanomengues and does not work miracles as a spice alone. Only standardized preparations introduce larger amounts—but even here, the benefits and safety have not yet been conclusively proven.

In summary: Vitamins and minerals can be helpful, but they are not a panacea. A varied diet usually provides sufficient nutrients. Those who have a deficiency can take targeted supplements. According to critics, belief in “superfoods” without solid scientific backing is often exaggerated – many studies to date are small and inconclusive. Myths in medicine surrounding dietary supplements can only be dispelled by relying on verified research rather than marketing.

Myths in medicine: Natural healing methods

In addition to supplements, holistic approaches and natural healing methods play an important role. Many people find relaxation and healing through herbal remedies, exercise, and climate therapy. Herbal medicine, for example, has been using herbs that actually contain active ingredients for centuries. Ginger can help with nausea, echinacea stimulates the immune system, and teas made from chamomile or sage relieve mild inflammation in the mouth and throat. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) confirms the proven effects of some herbal traditions—for example, as gastrointestinal remedies or for cold symptoms.

Physical applications also count: contrast baths, Kneipp treatments, and mud baths work through temperature stimuli and minerals. In a study on Kneipp therapy, children showed increased immunity in their mucous membranes (as measured by rising IgA secretion levels) after treatments in cold water. Mud baths and thermal springs contain natural substances that can have anti-inflammatory effects. Health resorts such as Bad Pyrmont have proven that brine and mud baths can alleviate inflammation in cases of rheumatoid arthritis.

Everyday measures to promote health

Everyday measures often help the most. Here are a few tips that counteract myths and promote health:

• Get enough exercise: 30 minutes of daily activity (walking, cycling) lowers blood pressure and stabilizes circulation. Even short, intense intervals, such as climbing stairs in everyday life, significantly reduce the risk of heart attack.
• Healthy diet: Lots of vegetables, whole grains, and little sugar provide natural vitamins and fiber. Beans, nuts, and fruit support the heart and immune system. Avoid processed foods and white flour products.
• Sunlight and vitamin D: Especially in winter, sun therapy or a vitamin D supplement can be useful for maintaining levels. An optimal vitamin D level promotes immune cells and has an anti-inflammatory effect.
• Herbal remedies: Ginger, turmeric, and garlic have mild anti-inflammatory effects. Home remedies such as healing clay or herbal tea can also help with detoxification and relaxation—without any chemicals. The dosage is important: small regular amounts are often more effective than extremely high doses.
• Relaxation and sleep: Stress reduction through meditation, yoga, or relaxed evening routines strengthens the immune system. The mind and body are closely connected; good sleep helps with repair processes.

These measures can be implemented by a wide audience and are not specifically aimed at professionals. They are based on natural influences, support the body in a gentle way, and do not rely on new myths or exaggerated promises. In combination with medically proven therapies, they can make a valuable contribution.

Conclusion

Myths in medicine often turn out to be half-truths or confusion. What helps has usually been known for a long time: a healthy lifestyle and proven natural methods. Those who are well informed and pay attention to scientifically sound facts recognize the errors and find ways to positively influence their own health.